Bangkok · Phra Nakhon

Wat Ratchanatdaram and the Loha Prasat

Rama III's metal castle of 1846, the only building of its form standing anywhere, finished more than a century after the king who began it died.

วัดราชนัดดารามวรวิหาร · Wat Ratchanatdaram Worawihan

Share
The record

What the official record says

Official nameวัดราชนัดดารามวรวิหาร — Wat Ratchanatdaram Worawihan
WhereNot established, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok
Royal temple classNot established from an official register.
Monastic orderNot recorded in any register we could read.
Ancient monumentNot established.
Map

Where Wat Ratchanatdaram Worawihan is

Not established, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok

The exact location has not been confirmed yet.

Founding

When was it founded — and what actually establishes that?

Thai temple histories mix two different kinds of statement, and this guide keeps them apart. What a register, a gazette entry, an inscription or a dated royal act shows is one thing. What the chronicles and the temple itself hold is another, and it is worth telling as what it is.

What the record showsThe heritage database of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, a Thai government agency, records that construction began in 2389 in the Buddhist era, 1846, on the royal initiative of King Rama III, on the bank of Khlong Lot. That is the only founding fact in this record that comes from a government source, and it is a start date rather than a completion.
What tradition holdsThe temple's name means royal granddaughter, and the connection usually drawn is to Princess Somanass Waddhanawathy, Rama III's granddaughter, later queen consort to Rama IV. The attribution is a reading rather than a record: the book most often cited for it reasons from her closeness to the king with the Thai hedge for probably, and no royal document, inscription or chronicle entry has been produced for it by anyone.

The Loha Prasat was left unfinished at Rama III's death and stood as bare brick and stone for a very long period. No completion date, no restoration programme and no gilding date could be established from any acceptable source, so this record carries a start and no end.

History

The history of Wat Ratchanatdaram Worawihan

A loha prasat is not a Thai idea. The form goes back to a nine-storey metal-roofed hall at Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, itself following an Indian precedent, and Rama III set out in 1846 to build the third one. The government heritage record is unambiguous that this is the only one now standing, which makes the building less a Bangkok curiosity than the sole surviving example of an ancient Buddhist architectural type.

It has seven storeys, thirty-seven metal spires, and sixty-seven winding internal stairways. The government record states that the thirty-seven spires stand for the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, and that the relic chamber at the top holds a tooth relic, enshrined during the celebrations of 1995 marking the fiftieth year of the reign. The proportions are not decorative: the storeys narrow as they rise and the meditation cells are arranged around the stairs, so that the building is a diagram of an ascent rather than a tower with rooms in it. A Chulalongkorn University thesis on the light inside it describes exactly that — illumination increasing as you climb toward the relic.

The part of the story that Bangkok tends to leave out is how long it took. Rama III died before the metal castle was finished, and it stood as a structural shell through the whole of the next reign. A Thai history magazine recounts, on Rama V's authority, that Rama IV declined to continue the work because of a decision his predecessor had made — an account, not a decree, and we have found no document behind it. What is certain is that the building visitors climb today was completed enormously later than it was begun, and no acceptable source we could reach puts a year on that completion.

One correction is worth making plainly, because it circulates widely: the Loha Prasat is not on the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list. Thailand's current tentative list carries six properties and this is not among them; the only Bangkok entry, submitted in April 2025, is the prang of Wat Arun, and its text names no other component site. What the Loha Prasat does have is an entry in Thailand's own domestic heritage-candidate database, which is a different thing and which that database itself files under a different category.

On site

What you actually see

Seven storeys of tiered structure with thirty-seven metal spires above them, the government record's figures, arranged so that the tiers step inward as they rise. The spires are the reason for the building's name and the reason it looks like nothing else in the city.

Sixty-seven winding stairways inside, and the meditation cells opening off them. The climb is the building's argument, and the light changes as you go up — the subject of a Chulalongkorn University architecture thesis on this specific building.

The relic chamber at the top, holding a tooth relic enshrined in 1995 for the fiftieth anniversary of the reign, and the view over Ratchadamnoen and the Golden Mount from the terrace outside it.

The ordination hall and the wihan below, which are ordinary early-Rattanakosin royal temple buildings and are usually walked straight past on the way to the tower.

Visiting

Visiting: hours, admission, dress and photography

This is a working place of worship for millions of people rather than an attraction, and it is treated as one at the gate. Where a figure below is blank, no source we are prepared to cite states it.

HoursNot established from an official source.
AdmissionNot established from an official source.
DressNot established from an official source.
PhotographyNo source we found states a rule, so we print none.
Getting thereThe temple stands on Maha Chai Road at the Ratchadamnoen Klang end, opposite the Rattanakosin exhibition hall and a few minutes on foot from Wat Saket and the Golden Mount. That is geography rather than a published access statement.
Before you rely on the figures aboveHours, admission for Thai and foreign visitors, dress and photography are all unverified here. A small admission charge for the tower and hours of roughly nine to five are widely repeated in travel writing, and we have not been able to confirm either against the Tourism Authority or the temple, so no figure is printed.
Open

What we could not establish

Every temple reference repeats claims nobody has checked. These are the ones we went looking for and could not stand up, listed so you know exactly where this page stops.

FAQ

Wat Ratchanatdaram Worawihan: common questions

What is a Loha Prasat and why does this one matter?

It is a metal-spired multi-storey monastic building, a form that goes back to a hall at Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka and an Indian precedent before that. Thailand's government heritage database states that the one at Wat Ratchanatdaram is the first and only such building in the country, and no other example survives anywhere, which makes it the sole standing instance of the type rather than a local curiosity. It has seven storeys and thirty-seven metal spires.

Is the Loha Prasat a UNESCO World Heritage site?

No, and it is not on the tentative list either, despite what a good deal of writing about it says. Thailand's current UNESCO tentative list contains six properties, and the only Bangkok submission among them is the prang of Wat Arun, entered in April 2025, whose text names no other component. The Loha Prasat appears instead in Thailand's own domestic heritage-candidate database, which is a national tracking list and not a UNESCO status.

Why did the Loha Prasat take so long to finish?

Rama III began it in 1846 and died before it was complete, leaving a structural shell that stood through the following reign. A Thai history magazine recounts, citing Rama V, that Rama IV chose not to continue the work because of an earlier decision of his predecessor, but that is an account rather than a documented decree and we found nothing behind it. No acceptable source we could reach gives the year the building was finally completed.

What do the thirty-seven spires stand for?

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning's heritage record states that they represent the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment. That is a Thai government page rather than a Fine Arts Department or doctrinal authority, so we report it as government-stated rather than as an established art-historical reading. The relic chamber at the summit holds a tooth relic, enshrined in 1995 during the celebrations for the fiftieth year of the reign.

Nearby

Where to go from here

Before you go, read the guide to Buddhism and temple etiquette in Thailand — dress, footwear, where photography is not welcome and how to behave around monks. The rest of Bangkok’s temples are covered here too.

Every temple here sits in a place worth reading about on its own terms. The nationwide temple guide covers the other provinces to the same documentary standard as this page, and says on each one what the record establishes and what it does not.

If you are thinking about more than a visit: work out which Thai visa route fits your situation, and see what is available to rent and buy in residences across Thailand.

Sources & References

Sources & References

Every fact on this page is drawn from the sources above. Where they disagree, this page says so rather than choosing silently. Registrations, fees, hours and access change; confirm anything you are relying on with the authority concerned. BAANLYY LLC is a Nevada company and a listing portal, does not represent any temple, and offers no legal or religious advice.