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Temples of Nakhon Ratchasima

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Nakhon Ratchasima is where two religious histories meet, and the province's monuments make the meeting unusually legible. The Fine Arts Department's national register carries 714 sites here, more than any other province in this guide so far, of which 43 are registered ancient monuments, 43 are registered with a land boundary and 4 are named in a Royal Gazette list without being registered. The remainder — 276 of them — are still awaiting assessment, which is the state saying that it has not finished looking.

Three Khmer sanctuaries anchor the province and no two of them share a religion. Prasat Hin Phimai, the largest Khmer sanctuary in Thailand, was built for Mahayana Buddhism and the state says so plainly; it faces south, towards the road from Angkor, rather than east. Prasat Hin Phanom Wan was built for Hinduism over eight older brick towers and was turned into a Buddhist wat in the Ayutthaya period, which it still is. Prasat Hin Mueang Khaek at Sung Noen is Shaivite, was never anything else, and is the earliest of the three on the department's own dating. Reading any one of them from the others is the commonest error made about this province.

The older layer is Dvaravati and it is Buddhist. At Sung Noen, five hundred metres from the moat of the old city of Sema, a reclining Buddha thirteen metres long is built from blocks of red sandstone, with a stone wheel of the law that lay before its face. The state registered the image in 1936 without registering a temple around it, and drew a boundary of one rai and a fraction in 1952. It is the oldest Buddhist thing in this guide's Nakhon Ratchasima pages, and one of the largest sandstone reclining Buddhas in the country.

Then there is the province that is neither: the Lao-speaking Khorat plateau of timber libraries over water, painted door leaves and stupas built by families who walked here from Vientiane. Wat Na Phra That at Takhu is on this page for exactly that, and it was registered and bounded in one 1996 act that took in nine Nakhon Ratchasima temples at once — which is the best list of this province's village monasteries the state has published, and the obvious starting point for a second run.

On the map

Temples in Nakhon Ratchasima

6 of 6 temples in Nakhon Ratchasima are plotted.

The temples

6 temples covered in Nakhon Ratchasima

Prasat Hin Phimai — the largest Khmer sanctuary in Thailand, and Buddhist from the startปราสาทหินพิมาย (เมืองพิมาย) · PhimaiThe largest Khmer sanctuary in Thailand, standing inside a walled and moated rectangular city 565 by 1,030 metres on the Mun river. It was built for Mahayana Buddhism rather than converted to it, it faces south rather than east, and its central prang was rebuilt stone by stone between 1964 and 1969 in a joint Thai-French anastylosis.Royal class not established · Registered national ancient monumentPrasat Hin Phanom Wan — a Hindu sanctuary that became a working wat, with eight inscriptions in itปราสาทหินพนมวัน (วัดพนมวัน) · Mueang Nakhon RatchasimaA Khmer sanctuary thirty kilometres from Phimai that ran the opposite way: built for Hinduism over an older group of eight brick towers, converted into a Buddhist wat in the Ayutthaya period, and still a working temple today. Eight inscriptions were recovered from it, the earliest dated B.E. 1433.Royal class not established · Registered national ancient monumentWat Phra Narai Maharat — the city temple of Korat, registered twice under two different namesวัดพระนารายณ์มหาราช (สถานพระนารายณ์) · Mueang Nakhon RatchasimaThe principal temple of Nakhon Ratchasima, at the centre of the walled city, entered in the national register under two names because the 1936 list registered the temple and its Vishnu shrine as separate items. Sandstone images of Vishnu and Ganesha four centuries older than the temple were found here.Royal class not established · Registered national ancient monumentWat Thammachak Semaram — a Dvaravati reclining Buddha cut from sandstone blocks, and the wheel that lay before its faceพระนอน วัดธรรมจักรเสมาราม · Sung NoenOne of the largest sandstone reclining Buddhas in Thailand, about 13.3 metres long, assembled from great blocks of red sandstone on a mound south-west of the Dvaravati city of Sema. The state registered the image in 1936 and fixed a boundary of 1 rai 1 ngan 39 square wa around it in 1952.Royal class not established · Registered national ancient monumentWat Na Phra That, Takhu — a library over water, a painted door from the Kaki story, and a stupa built by Vientiane settlersวัดหน้าพระธาตุ (ตำบลตะคุ) · Pak Thong ChaiA village temple in Pak Thong Chai with three things the state singles out: an Isan-style ordination hall with jataka murals, a scripture library standing on an island in its pond with a gilt-lacquer door from the Kaki story, and a stupa built by settlers who came from Vientiane.Royal class not established · Registered national ancient monumentPrasat Hin Mueang Khaek — three Shaivite towers facing north, and the province's best-documented boundaryเมืองแขก (ปราสาทหินเมืองแขก) · Sung NoenA Shaivite Khmer sanctuary in Sung Noen: three brick and sandstone towers on one base, facing north rather than east, inside two walls with a U-shaped moat between them. Only the bases and door frames stand, but the paper record behind it is the most complete of any monument in the province.Royal class not established · Registered national ancient monument
How this guide works

Where these facts come from

Every page is built from the National Office of Buddhism and Department of Religious Affairs registers, the Fine Arts Department’s national monument register and its published monographs, the Royal Gazette where it could be read, UNESCO, and the temples’ own material — with the Tourism Authority of Thailand used only for visiting practicalities, never for history. Nothing here is taken from a travel blog, a listicle or a review site.

The rule that governs every page is that recorded tradition is not history. Thai temple histories are full of foundation legends, and they are worth telling — but told as tradition, in those words, never flattened into a bare founding date. Where a date is not established, the page says so, and that sentence is the useful part.

Still to come here: Six built, and this province could carry three more runs without leaving documented ground. The clearest next six: the eight remaining Nakhon Ratchasima temples bounded by the same 1996 instrument as Wat Na Phra That — Wat Pathum Khongkha and Wat Khok Sisaket at Nok Ok, the sim of Wat Pho Thong at Mueang Pak, Wat Kut Chanuan at Mitraphap, Wat Thanon Khot and Wat Non Kum at Si Khio, Wat Yong Yaeng at Nong Rawiang and Wat Mareng Noi at Phanao — every one of them registered, bounded and unwritten in English. Then Prasat Hin Non Ku (0001257) and Prasat Hin Mueang Kao (0001252), the Jayavarman VII arogayasala, which complete the Sung Noen group with Mueang Khaek, and the Dvaravati city of Sema itself (0001263), whose 2,475-rai boundary is the largest in the province. Wat Sala Loi in the city is the temple most people search for and the one this run could not build: the Fine Arts Department register carries it as 0013751 at status 2, awaiting assessment, with no history, no description and no gazette instrument, so there is nothing documentary to write a page from yet. Wat Muen Wai (0000981) is the province's one gazette-listed-but-not-registered monument, named in the list of 23 June B.E. 2566, and its old ordination hall has a full description in the register already.

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Before you go

Read the guide to Buddhism and temple etiquette in Thailand first — dress, footwear, photography and how to behave around monks. Then the Bangkok city guide and things to do in Bangkok for everything around them.

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