Udon Thani · Ban Phue

Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok — a footprint under a copy of Phra That Phanom, and the temple the World Heritage listing does not name

A working temple on the Phu Phra Bat escarpment in Ban Phue, built around a hollow in the rock venerated as a footprint of the Buddha and covered by a Lan Xang that modelled on the original Phra That Phanom. Its registered monument area of 3,430 rai is the ground the Phu Phra Bat Historical Park stands on.

วัดพระพุทธบาทบัวบก · Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok

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The record

What the official record says

Official nameวัดพระพุทธบาทบัวบก — Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok
WhereMueang Phan, Ban Phue, Udon Thani
Royal temple classNot established from an official register.
Monastic orderNot recorded in any register we could read.
Ancient monumentRegistered national ancient monument
Royal Gazette vol. 52, part 75, p. 3716, 8 March B.E. 2478 (the listing); vol. 95, part 98, p. 3122, 19 September B.E. 2521 (the first boundary, 19,062 rai); and vol. 98, part 63, p. 1215, 28 April B.E. 2524 (the boundary corrected to 3,430 rai)
Three instruments, all three downloaded from the Fine Arts Department's mirror and read by eye in this run. The first is ประกาศกรมศิลปากร เรื่อง การกำหนดจำนวนโบราณสถานสำหรับชาติ, the national list announced ๒๕ กุมภาพันธ์ ๒๔๗๗ over the signature of วิจิตรวาทการ as Director-General and published at เล่ม ๕๒ ตอนที่ ๗๕ หน้า ๓๗๑๖ on ๘ มีนาคม ๒๔๗๘; the Udon Thani block is province 43 and its item 1 is พระพุทธบาท "บัวบก" อำเภอบ้านผือ ตำบลเมืองพาน. The second — ประกาศกรมศิลปากร เรื่อง กำหนดเขตที่ดินโบราณสถาน, made under section 7 of the Act on Ancient Monuments B.E. 2504, announced ๒๒ สิงหาคม ๒๕๒๑ by เดโช สวนานนท์ and published at เล่ม ๙๕ ตอนที่ ๙๘ หน้า ๓๑๒๒ — recites that the 1935 listing set no land boundary, names seven neighbouring monuments found by survey and worth preserving (หอนางอุษา, วัดพ่อตา, วัดลูกเขย, ถ้ำคน, คอกม้า, โนนสาวเอ้ and ถ้ำเกิ้ง), and draws a boundary of about ๑๙,๐๖๒ ไร่ around โบราณสถานพระพุทธบาทบัวบก วัดพระพุทธบาทบัวบก ที่ภูพระบาท บ้านติ้ว. The third, announced ๔ มีนาคม ๒๕๒๔ by the same Director-General and published at เล่ม ๙๘ ตอนที่ ๖๓ หน้า ๑๒๑๕, states that the area ไม่ตรงกับข้อเท็จจริง — does not match the facts — and puts the true figure at about ๓,๔๓๐ ไร่. The register's land parcel carries 3,430 rai and codes the row at status 5, registered with a delimited boundary.
Coordinates17.720994, 102.360253
Fine Arts Department register, monument 0002528
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Where Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok is

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Founding

When was it founded — and what actually establishes that?

Thai temple histories mix two different kinds of statement, and this guide keeps them apart. What a register, a gazette entry, an inscription or a dated royal act shows is one thing. What the chronicles and the temple itself hold is another, and it is worth telling as what it is.

What the record showsWhat is documented is the registration chain and a rebuilding. The Royal Gazette list of 8 March B.E. 2478 names the footprint as a national ancient monument; the boundary orders of B.E. 2521 and 2524 draw and then correct the ground around it. For the building the Fine Arts Department's register is specific: the that standing over the footprint today was raised by พระอาจารย์สีทัตถ์ สุวรรณมาโจ, who came upon the site on tudong, and the work ran from B.E. 2463 to B.E. 2476, about fourteen years. The Tourism Authority of Thailand gives the same undertaking as B.E. 2463–2477, one year longer, and the two state bodies are not reconciled here. The department also records that between B.E. 2532 and 2535 it developed the surrounding ground into อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ภูพระบาท, the Phu Phra Bat Historical Park.
What tradition holdsThe temple's own account of why the footprint is here is a chronicle account and is told as one. The Fine Arts Department reports it in those terms: มีข้อความกล่าวอ้างถึงไว้ในตำนานพระเจ้าเลียบโลก — it is recounted in the Chronicle of the Buddha's Journey Around the World — that the Buddha came to Phu Kuwian, which is Phu Phra Bat, to subdue two naga brothers, and that when they were defeated they asked him to leave two footprints behind, one here at Bua Bok and one at Bua Ban. The department also says ตามประวัติว่า, according to the account, that a small ubmong or mondop formerly covered the footprint before the present that was built over it. Neither claim rests on any instrument, inscription or excavation read in this run.

There is no documented founding date for this temple and none is asserted. The name is explained two ways by the Tourism Authority — bua bok, the pennywort that grows thickly where the footprint was found, or a contraction of บ่บก, meaning not parched — and neither reading is evidence of a date.

History

The history of Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok

Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok sits on the sandstone shelf of Phu Phra Bat, above Ban Tio in Tambon Mueang Phan, in Amphoe Ban Phue. The reason it exists is a hollow in the rock. The Tourism Authority of Thailand measures it: a depression about 60 centimetres deep in the stone floor, 1.93 metres long and 90 centimetres wide, shaped enough like a sole to have been venerated as a footprint of the Buddha for a very long time before anybody wrote about it.

The name is a small piece of local etymology that the Tourism Authority reports two ways. Bua bok — pennywort — grows thickly around the place where the footprint was found, which is one reading. The other is that บัวบก stands for บ่บก, not parched, a Lao turn of phrase for ground that does not dry out. Both are the Authority's; neither is evidence of anything but the name.

The building over the footprint is recent and the record is clear about it. The Fine Arts Department's register names พระอาจารย์สีทัตถ์ สุวรรณมาโจ, a monk who came upon the site on tudong, and says he replaced the small ubmong that had stood over the footprint with the that that is there now, working from B.E. 2463 to B.E. 2476. That is roughly 1920 to 1933, and it makes this one of the youngest major monuments in this guide. The Tourism Authority's page for the historical park says the same work ran from B.E. 2463 to B.E. 2477. The two figures are a year apart and this page prints both rather than choosing.

The state's interest in the place is older than that. The Royal Gazette list of 8 March B.E. 2478 — the first nationwide list of national ancient monuments, announced by Wichitwathakan as Director-General of the Fine Arts Department — carries a block for Udon Thani with only three entries, and Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok is the first of them. It set no land boundary. Forty-three years later a survey found that หอนางอุษา, วัดพ่อตา, วัดลูกเขย, ถ้ำคน, คอกม้า, โนนสาวเอ้ and ถ้ำเกิ้ง all lay close by and ought to be preserved with it, and the order of 19 September B.E. 2521 drew a boundary of about 19,062 rai around the lot. Three years after that the department published a second order saying plainly that the area did not match the facts, and the true figure was about 3,430 rai. Both were signed by the same Director-General. The corrected figure is the one the register carries.

That 3,430 rai is the ground on which the Fine Arts Department built the Phu Phra Bat Historical Park between B.E. 2532 and 2535 — landscaping, an office, an information centre. And in July 2024 UNESCO inscribed Phu Phrabat on the World Heritage List as a testimony to the sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period, in two component parts. Neither part is this temple. The first is the historical park; the second is the sīma cultural site at Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Ban, twelve kilometres south. ICOMOS's evaluation mentions Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok exactly once, as an example of the later turn from sīma stones towards the veneration of Buddha footprints, and does not place it inside a boundary. The Tourism Authority does list the footprint among the things to see inside the park. This page does not carry a World Heritage badge, because a chain of four inferences is not a citation, and putting the badge on the most photographed monument in the province would have been easy and unproven.

The temple is a living one, and the yearly focus of it is the festival of homage to the footprint on the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth waxing days of the third lunar month, which the Tourism Authority records. BAANLYY does not represent this temple and nothing here is legal or religious advice.

On site

What you actually see

The that over the footprint — square in plan, 8.50 metres to a side at the base and about 45 metres high, in Lan Xang form, which the Fine Arts Department describes as a copy of the original Phra That Phanom.

The chamber built into its lower storey, which you can enter to pay respects to the footprint itself. The department describes the spire above as a tall slender square-lotus form finished with a nine-tier chatra, with relics found in the original footprint enshrined in the top.

The footprint: a hollow about 60 centimetres deep in the rock floor, 1.93 metres long and 90 centimetres wide, per the Tourism Authority of Thailand.

A second, much smaller that beside it, modelled on the large one. The department records that it holds the ashes of หลวงปู่บุญ, a companion in the Dhamma of Luang Pu Man Phurithatto and Luang Pu Sao Kantasilo, who died on Phu Phra Bat; his disciples built it for him.

Phra Phutthabat Lang Tao, south of here — a second footprint, this one carved 25 centimetres into the rock with a raised pointed-petal lotus clearly cut at its centre, named for a natural rock shelter nearby shaped like a turtle.

The seven monuments the 1978 boundary order names as lying alongside it: Ho Nang Usa, Wat Pho Ta, Wat Luk Khoei, Tham Khon, Kok Ma, Non Sao E and Tham Koeng. The Tourism Authority reports Dvaravati-style carved sandstone Buddha images and pieces of sema at the Wat Pho Ta and Wat Luk Khoei shelters.

The Non Sao E stone terrace and the rock shelters across the escarpment, which the Tourism Authority describes as walkable in short stages and which carry the prehistoric paintings the department records for the range.

Visiting

Visiting: hours, admission, dress and photography

This is a working place of worship for millions of people rather than an attraction, and it is treated as one at the gate. Where a figure below is blank, no source we are prepared to cite states it.

HoursThe Phu Phra Bat Historical Park is open daily 08.30–16.30, per the Tourism Authority of Thailand. No separate hours are published for the temple itself.
AdmissionThai nationals: 20 baht. Foreign visitors: 100 baht.
DressA working temple as well as a monument. Shoulders and knees covered, shoes off before entering the chamber under the that, and the footprint is a place of veneration rather than an exhibit.
PhotographyNo source we found states a rule, so we print none.
Getting thereTambon Mueang Phan, Amphoe Ban Phue, Udon Thani 41160, on the Phu Phra Bat escarpment above Ban Tio. The Tourism Authority gives the park's telephone number as 0 4221 9837-38 and lists parking and toilets on site.
Before you rely on the figures aboveThe 20 baht and 100 baht figures are the Tourism Authority's published admission for อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ภูพระบาท — ชาวไทย 20 บาท ชาวต่างชาติ 100 บาท — and the structured fee field on the same page gives 20.00 for an adult. They are the park's charge, not a charge stated for the temple. No Royal Gazette fee schedule was opened for this site in this run.
Open

What we could not establish

Every temple reference repeats claims nobody has checked. These are the ones we went looking for and could not stand up, listed so you know exactly where this page stops.

FAQ

Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok: common questions

Is Wat Phra Phutthabat Bua Bok a World Heritage site?

Not as a named component, and this page will not say that it is. UNESCO inscribed Phu Phrabat in 2024 as a serial property of two parts: อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ภูพระบาท, the historical park, and แหล่งวัฒนธรรมสีมา วัดพระพุทธบาทบัวบาน, the sīma cultural site at a different temple twelve kilometres away. ICOMOS's evaluation names Phra Phuthabat Bua Bok once, as an example of the later turn to footprint veneration, and does not place it inside a boundary. What is documented is that the registered monument called พระพุทธบาทบัวบก covers about 3,430 rai at Phu Phra Bat, that the Fine Arts Department built the historical park on that ground between B.E. 2532 and 2535, and that the Tourism Authority lists the footprint among the things to see inside the park. That is a chain of inferences, not a citation, so the field stays empty.

How old is the chedi over the footprint?

About a century, and this is the fact most accounts of the place get wrong by centuries. The Fine Arts Department's register says the present that was built by Phra Ajarn Sithat Suwannamacho between B.E. 2463 and B.E. 2476 — roughly 1920 to 1933 — replacing a small mondop that had covered the footprint before. The Tourism Authority of Thailand gives the same work as B.E. 2463–2477. The footprint itself is a natural hollow in the rock and is not dated by any source read for this page.

Why does it look like Phra That Phanom?

Because it was built to. The Fine Arts Department describes the that as Lan Xang work made as a copy of the original Phra That Phanom: square in plan, 8.50 metres to a side at the base, about 45 metres high, with a chamber in the lower storey you can enter to venerate the footprint and a tall slender square-lotus spire above carrying a nine-tier chatra. Relics found in the original footprint are enshrined in the top.

What is the difference between Bua Bok and Bua Ban?

They are two temples about twelve kilometres apart, and the confusion is old enough to be in the record. Both were listed as national ancient monuments by the same instrument in 1935 — items 1 and 2 of the Udon Thani block — and the chronicle account explains them as the two footprints the Buddha left at the request of the naga brothers he had subdued. Physically they are nothing alike: a 45-metre that over a natural hollow here, and at Bua Ban a that of about 6 metres over a plaster replica footprint 140 centimetres long, beside a group of Dvaravati sema stones that is now half of a World Heritage property.

When is it open and what does it cost?

The Tourism Authority publishes 08.30–16.30 daily for the Phu Phra Bat Historical Park, with admission of 20 baht for Thai nationals and 100 baht for foreign visitors, and a park telephone number of 0 4221 9837-38. Those are the park's figures. No state source read for this page publishes separate hours or a separate charge for the temple, and none is asserted here.

Nearby

Where to go from here

Before you go, read the guide to Buddhism and temple etiquette in Thailand — dress, footwear, where photography is not welcome and how to behave around monks. The rest of Udon Thani’s temples are covered here too.

Every temple here sits in a place worth reading about on its own terms. The nationwide temple guide covers the other provinces to the same documentary standard as this page, and says on each one what the record establishes and what it does not.

If you are thinking about more than a visit: work out which Thai visa route fits your situation, and see what is available to rent and buy in residences across Thailand.

Sources & References

Sources & References

Every fact on this page is drawn from the sources above. Where they disagree, this page says so rather than choosing silently. Registrations, fees, hours and access change; confirm anything you are relying on with the authority concerned. BAANLYY LLC is a Nevada company and a listing portal, does not represent any temple, and offers no legal or religious advice.