Property Education · Personal Income Tax

Thailand personal income tax for foreigners: rates, allowances & how to file.

Once you know you’re a Thai tax resident, the next question is the practical one: how much will you actually pay, and how do you file? This guide is the numbers-and-mechanics companion to our residency guide — the progressive tax brackets, the allowances and deductions that quietly lower your bill, worked examples, how tax is withheld from salary, which return to file (PND.90 or PND.91), how to get a Tax ID, and the deadlines that carry penalties if you miss them. Educational, never paid placement — general information, not tax advice.

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By Kirby Scofield
Founder of BAANLYY · International real estate broker, investor & relocation specialist
Last updated 6 July 2026 · Last reviewed 6 July 2026

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The one-line version

Thai tax is progressive — 0% on the first 150,000 baht, rising in steps to 35% — and it’s charged on your income after allowances and deductions. Salary tax is withheld monthly and reconciled on an annual PND.90/91 return due around end of March. Get a TIN, keep your receipts, and use the estimator to budget.

Living Summary

Thai Personal Income Tax — Status Check

Editorial analysis compiled and periodically refreshed by BAANLYY’s research team — not a live data feed.

Analysis last reviewed 2026-07-06.

Growth Trajectory

How Thai personal income tax got here

  1. 2013
    Top rate cut, current bands introduced
    The top marginal rate dropped from 37% to 35% and the eight-band 0%– 35% schedule used today took effect for the 2013 tax year.
  2. 2016
    Reduced schedule made permanent
    Royal Decree No. 600 extended the 2013–2015 reduced-rate structure, locking in the current bands with no sunset date.
  3. 2024
    Foreign-remittance rule tightened
    From January 1, 2024, foreign-sourced income remitted to Thailand by a tax resident became assessable regardless of which year it was earned, closing the old year-of-earning loophole.
  4. 2025
    Two-year grace period proposed
    The Revenue Department proposed exempting foreign-sourced income from tax if remitted within the year earned or the following year, aiming for the 2026 filing season.
  5. 2026
    Brackets hold; grace period still pending
    Rates and deadlines (March 31 paper / around April 8 e-file) are unchanged. The 2025 grace-period proposal has not been enacted — it still needs Cabinet and Council of State sign-off before publication in the Royal Gazette.
01

Start with residency — then come back here

Whether you owe Thai tax at all turns on residency (the 180-day rule) and on where your income comes from. That logic — tax residency, the 2024 foreign-remittance change and double-tax treaties — is covered in depth in our companion guide. This page assumes you already have assessable income in Thailand and focuses on the part people find hardest to pin down: the actual rates, the reliefs, and the filing.

Read first if you’re unsure whether you owe anything: Tax for expats — residency & foreign income.

02

The personal income tax brackets

Thailand taxes net assessable income — what’s left after your allowances and deductions — on a progressive scale. Only the income that falls inside each band is taxed at that band’s rate, so moving into a higher bracket never re-taxes the income below it.

Net income (THB / year)RateNote
0 – 150,0000%Tax-free band
150,001 – 300,0005%7,500 max in band
300,001 – 500,00010%20,000 max in band
500,001 – 750,00015%37,500 max in band
750,001 – 1,000,00020%50,000 max in band
1,000,001 – 2,000,00025%250,000 max in band
2,000,001 – 5,000,00030%900,000 max in band
5,000,001 +35%Top marginal rate

These bands have held steady for years but are set by law and can change. Confirm the current schedule with the Revenue Department before relying on a figure.

03

The allowances & deductions that lower your bill

The headline rates look high until you see how much comes off first. Thai tax residents — including foreigners — can generally claim:

Caps and eligibility change year to year, so check the current limits and keep every receipt and certificate — reliefs you can’t document don’t count.

04

Two worked examples

Illustrative only, using round numbers and the standard bands — your real figure depends on your own allowances.

Example A — salaried, 1,000,000 THB/year

Take 100,000 (employment expense cap) + 60,000 (personal) off → roughly 840,000 net. Tax through the bands: 0 + 7,500 + 20,000 + 37,500 + on the slice into the 20% band ≈ around 83,000 baht, an effective rate near 8% of gross. Add insurance or provident-fund reliefs and it drops further.

Example B — condo rental, 360,000 THB/year

Apply the standard expense deduction for rental income and your personal allowance, and the net assessable figure falls well inside the lower bands — a modest liability, often partly covered by tax the tenant withheld. Reported on a PND.90.

05

How tax is collected: withholding vs. filing

Two things happen during the year, and they meet on your annual return:

Rental, freelance and remitted foreign income usually have little or nothing withheld at source, so the annual return is where that tax is actually settled — budget for it rather than being surprised in March.

06

Getting a TIN and filing, step by step

  1. Get a Tax ID (TIN). Apply at your local Revenue Department office with passport, visa and proof of address/income — or let your employer arrange it.
  2. Gather documents. Withholding certificates, proof of rental or foreign income and remittances, insurance and fund certificates, mortgage interest statements.
  3. Pick the form. Salary-only → PND.91. Any other income → PND.90.
  4. File. On paper at the Revenue office, or online via the Revenue Department e-filing portal (usually a slightly later deadline).
  5. Pay or claim. Settle any balance due, or claim your refund — refunds are common where withholding overshot.
07

Deadlines & penalties

The annual personal return is normally due by the end of March for the previous calendar year, with a short extension into early April for online filing. Miss it and you face a surcharge on unpaid tax plus penalties, so file even when you expect a refund. Exact dates move each year — confirm the current deadline with the Revenue Department.

08

Common mistakes to avoid

09

Frequently asked

What are the personal income tax rates in Thailand?Thailand uses a progressive scale applied to your net assessable income (income after allowances and deductions), not your gross pay. The long-standing schedule is: 0% on the first 150,000 baht, 5% on 150,001–300,000, 10% on 300,001–500,000, 15% on 500,001–750,000, 20% on 750,001–1,000,000, 25% on 1,000,001–2,000,000, 30% on 2,000,001–5,000,000, and 35% on income above 5,000,000 baht. Only the slice of income inside each band is taxed at that band's rate, so a higher bracket never applies to your whole income. These bands have been stable for years but can change, so confirm the current schedule with the Revenue Department before relying on a figure. This is general information, not tax advice.
Is the first 150,000 baht really tax-free?Yes. The lowest band is taxed at 0%, so the first 150,000 baht of net assessable income carries no tax. On top of that, allowances and deductions (your 60,000-baht personal allowance, the expense deduction on employment income, and others) come off before the bands are applied — so in practice many people only start paying tax well above 150,000 baht of gross income. The exact point depends entirely on which allowances you qualify for.
What allowances and deductions can foreigners claim?Foreigners who are Thai tax residents can generally claim the same personal allowances and deductions as Thais. Common ones include a 60,000-baht personal allowance, a 60,000-baht spouse allowance (if your spouse has no income), 30,000 baht per child, allowances for supporting elderly parents, and an expense deduction on employment income of 50% capped at 100,000 baht. Investment and insurance reliefs — life and health insurance premiums, provident fund and SSF/RMF contributions, social security, and mortgage interest up to 100,000 baht — can reduce taxable income further, each within its own cap. Amounts and eligibility change, so verify the current figures and keep receipts. This is general information, not tax advice.
How is income tax actually collected from my salary?If you work for a Thai employer, tax is withheld from each paycheck under the PND.1 system — the employer estimates your annual tax, divides it across the year and remits it monthly. At year end you file an annual return that reconciles what was withheld against what you actually owe, producing either a top-up payment or a refund. People with rental, freelance or foreign income usually have less withheld at source and need to file and pay actively rather than relying on payroll to get it right.
Which tax return form do I file in Thailand?Individuals file form PND.91 if their only income is employment salary, or PND.90 if they have other income too (rental, business, freelance, foreign income remitted in). Both are annual personal returns filed after the calendar year ends. You can file on paper at a Revenue Department office or online through the Revenue Department's e-filing portal, which usually carries a slightly later deadline than paper filing.
How do I get a Thai Tax Identification Number (TIN)?If you have assessable income in Thailand you apply for a TIN at your local Revenue Department office, bringing your passport, visa, and proof of address or income. Employees often have the employer arrange it. The TIN is the number you use on every return and withholding certificate, so get it before your first filing is due. Some banks and brokers also ask for it for reporting purposes.
When is the tax filing deadline in Thailand?The annual personal return is normally due by the end of March for the previous calendar year, with a short extension (typically into early April) for filing online. Late filing or late payment attracts a surcharge and penalties, so file even when you expect a refund. Exact dates shift year to year — check the current deadline with the Revenue Department or your accountant.
Do I pay Thai income tax on rental income from my condo?Yes, if the property is in Thailand the rent is Thai-source income and is assessable here regardless of your day count. You can deduct allowable expenses (a standard percentage deduction or actual costs) against the rent, and in some arrangements a tenant withholds a percentage that is credited against your final bill. Keep records of rent received and expenses, and report it on a PND.90. For the residency and foreign-remittance side of the picture, see our companion guide on tax for expats.
Is foreign income taxed in Thailand?For Thai tax residents (180+ days in the country in a calendar year), foreign-source income brought into Thailand has been assessable since a 2024 change in interpretation. Money earned and kept abroad is generally outside scope, and double-tax treaties can credit foreign tax already paid. Because this area is evolving and depends on your specific situation and treaty, get individual advice before remitting large sums. Our tax-for-expats guide covers residency and remittance in depth.
Can I estimate my Thai income tax before I file?Yes — our income tax estimator tool lets you enter your income and the main allowances to see a ballpark figure using the standard bands. It's a planning aid, not a filed calculation: the real number depends on every allowance and deduction you qualify for and the current schedule. Use it to sanity-check withholding and to budget, then confirm the final figure with a tax professional or the Revenue Department.
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Property EducationTax for ExpatsWorking in ThailandRetiring in ThailandGlossary

Estimate your Thai income tax

Plug your income and main allowances into our estimator to get a ballpark figure using the standard bands — then confirm the real number with a professional before you file.

Income tax estimatorTax for expats guide
Sources & References

Sources & References

Primary and official sources are cited above. Government rules, fees and procedures in Thailand change over time and vary by office; always confirm current requirements with the relevant authority before relying on them. BAANLYY never takes paid placement in editorial content.

General information only — not tax, legal or financial advice. Thai personal income tax rates, allowances, deductions, filing forms and deadlines are set by law and change over time, and your liability depends on your individual circumstances. Confirm your own position with the Thai Revenue Department and a licensed Thai tax professional. BAANLYY never takes paid placement.